Scientific documents library

Sysmex Educational Enhancement and Development February 2012

Haematology case report: World Leukaemia Day 2021

This case study has been kindly provided and compiled by Priv.-Doz. Dr Mathias Zimmermann and describes results of a patient with a suspected diagnosis of a systemic bacterial infection with clear signs of infection over a course of time. Delta-He, the difference between the haemoglobin content of the newly-formed reticulocytes (RET-He) and the haemoglobin content of the mature red blood cells (RBC-He) is usually positive in healthy people but turns negative within a few hours due to inflammation as there is an iron deficiency. Also, the ICIS (Intensive Care Infection Score), an RUO application on Extended IPU, gives some interesting insights in this example case.

This white paper intents to give an overview of the most common types of anaemia with a focus on how haematological parameters such as RET-He and other advanced RBC parameters help to distinguish different causes of anaemia. The white paper also summarises current guidelines and publications on advanced RBC parameters in order to help clinicians in choosing the appropriate treatment for the individual patient.

Haemostasis is a complex process that helps to keep the blood in a fluid state and prevent blood loss at the site of injury. While the intact endothelium of blood vessels has an anti-thrombogenic function that prevents blood coagulation, in the case of vessel wall damage, the exposed sub-endothelial components initiate the formation of a clot that will stop blood loss.

Sysmex Educational Enhancement and Development June 2012

With this clinical case report an example of a rare blastic plasmacytoid dendritic neoplasm (BPDCN) as it occurred on the XN-Series analyser is described. The measurements were carried out directly after treatment and three months later. The distribution of WBC in the WDF scattergrams were abnormal and the XN analyser indicated these abnormalities with the flags ‘Blasts?’ and ‘Abn Lympho?’ and the subsequent manual smear review revealed the presence of blasts.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common form of indolent lymphoma in the western world, accounting for approximately 25% of malignant lymphomas (Ciabanu et al 2013). Disease progression of FL is often unpredictable with 25% - 30% of FL cases progressing; most commonly to diffuse large B cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma and rarely B-lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma (B-ALL) (Swerdlowetal, 2017).

This clinical case reports the disease progression of a patient hospitalised due to a SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient’s condition worsens significantly over time, ultimately leading to the development of an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a common but very severe complication in respiratory tract infections (such as COVID-19).